Privacy vs. Surveillance Essay

Everyman Script - Our Interpretation free essay sample

The bringing of everyman And doth of our lives and completion appear. Look well, notice To thy finishing, For transgression, however initially so sweet, Yet doth cause In the end for the spirit to sob, When the body teeth In earth. By what means will blur from thee as blossoms in may, Thy quality and thy magnificence, thy delight and imprudence, When thou workmanship called to a retribution, Like everyman, to out superb King. Give crowd and hear our play. Divine beings delivery person comes,List to what he doth state. Gabriel l, Gabriel am, Gods courier am l. Here on earth for yet this brief period, I perceive how the entirety of HIS animals Be to their God horrible. Suffocated in wrongdoing, in common wealth is all their brain, They dread no more His annoyance, the sharp pole Man, on this planet, overlooked his God. So in this manner now, with all the speed he can, God will a retribution take of everyman! Demise Here am l, Death. We will compose a custom paper test on Everyman Script Our Interpretation or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Come at your will. Divine beings each charge to satisfy. I will guarantee everyman that enthusiastic Ill, That strung not habit, nor fears Gods will, And he that adores wealth I will hit with my dart.In hellfire will he stay, world without end. I see everyman strolling, Little he think about my coming. Everyman stop! From God out of his Majesty. A retribution from thee He should have, Thy numerous awful deeds, and great yet a couple of I am demise that all men strung Thy God, thy life and deeds to show Thee with me on a Journey must go I care not for gold, nor silver, nor wealth, Nor pope, nor sovereign, ruler nor rulers. Thee must get thee gone on thy Journey today. Everyman Oh Death, thou comets when I had thee least at the top of the priority list. A thousand pounds and more thou will have,If thou comets to me on one more day. This is the day, That no man living may get away from away. To whom would it say it were best my distress to appear? Consider the possibility that to Fellowship I ought to talk. We have on the planet for some, a day Been most old buddies in game and play. I believe he will bear me organization, Well met, great Fellowship, and great morrow! Cooperation Everyman, great morrow to thee this day! Why looks thou so sadly? In the case of anything be out of order, let me know, I implore, That I may help discover cure. My actual companion I won't spurn thee. That was expressive and affectionately. On the off chance that any have wronged you, ye will vindicated be,Though I on the ground be killed for thee. Instructed I am to go far, A Journey hard and hazardous, And give account immediately, Before all-powerful God, my Lord. Wherefore I implore you bear me organization, As you have guaranteed on this Journey. This is another issue, Promise is obligation, valid. Furthermore, Fellowship thou didst guarantee! Be that as it may, if such a Journey I ought to go, I realize it well, it would be to my burden. What's more, when, old buddy, would it be a good idea for us to come back once more? Till the Day of Doom, never again. In confidence at that point, I won't come there! For no man that is living today. Will I go on that dreadful way!Oh, Fellowship, you depended on Gods head, You could never spurn me, snappy or dead. I comprehend what I said! Be that as it may, if thou wouldst eat and drink And make positivity, I would not neglect thee while the day is clear. In any case, won't bear me organization today. I have cherished thee long, at that point recall me, Aid me in my need! Regardless of whether thee hast cherished me or no, Farewell, great Fellowship, for thee my heart is sore. Goodbye everlastingly, I will see thee no more. To Kindred will I go without a doubt. Asking her to help me in my need. I accept she will do as such, For kind will remain where kinship dare not go. How be ye now my companion? Related Why, here I be at your order! I ask you show me your expectation. I thank thee Kindred. I am told by a dispatcher, That is the High Kings boss official. He bade me back journey of torment, And I realize beyond any doubt I will never return again. Along these lines, I implore you go with me. Take great heart to thyself and make no groan. With respect to me, thou will go alone. Make the Journey together, if thou concur? No, by my confidence, I have cramp in my toe. Related, shrink thou not go with me? I will trick thee in thy most need. Wither thou go with me or stay behind?Beauty is sin, That will I and I may, (wry) Farewell, till one more day. Reasonable guarantees did all men to me make, But when I have most need they me spurn. However in my psyche a thing there is, All my life I have cherished wealth. For my entire life I have adored wealth. [ALL] If that my Goods currently help she may, She would make my heart full light. Where workmanship thou, my Goods and Riches? Merchandise Who calls me? L, thy ace! Come! Cash make good that isn't right! I want of thee today. Everyman (Tristan) I have cherished thee and had incredible delight All a mind-blowing times in products and treasure.What wouldst thou have? For counsel I want of thee today It isn't in this world, I tell thee along these lines, I am sent for another best approach. Consequently I need thee to go with me, for my entire life I have had Joy from thee Money make good that isn't right. Nay, Everyman, I sing another tune, I follow no man such a route along. For thou wouldst find in the event that I went with thee, Thou wouldst charge a lot of the more terrible for me. I needs should snicker, I can't be pitiful, Whereof I am happy. I ask thee to go with me in fact Go with thee? Nay! This world is my direction, Therefore I offered thee great day.To whom will I presently make my overwhelming groan? Or on the other hand should I go this dreadful way alone? I go to my Good Deeds, But oh dear she is powerless to such an extent, That she can neither stand nor talk. My Good Deeds, where craftsmanship thou? Great Deeds Thy sins have me so sore bound Here I lie, cold on the ground. Everyman I heard thee tell, That thou workmanship called, record to make Before the Lord of paradise and damnation Oh, Good Deeds, shrivel thou go with me? In the event that thou heads yet recollected that me, Thy book of records full prepared would be Good Deeds I implore thee help me in this need, Or else I am perpetually lost undoubtedly! Despite the fact that for thy sins I am in this manner laid lowI have a sister called Knowledge who will with thee go. Information Everyman, I will go with thee and be thy manage, In thy most need to pass by thy side. With everyman I will go and not extra His acts of kindness will I help him to pronounce. Presently Everyman be cheerful and happy, Thy Good Deeds cometh now, Thou may not be pitiful. Everyman, pioneer, my unique companion, Blessed be thou, world without end. For thee interminable greatness is coming up, It will submit to thee for evermore. Be not any more pitiful, however ever celebrate. God fume thy living from his seat above. Everyman, I will await with thee.Thou will discover me a companion to thee to be sure. Every single natural thing are nevertheless vanity. Magnificence, quality, tact do thee neglect, Foolish companions and family that reasonable talk. All armada spare Good Deeds and that am l. Stoop down and ask leniency, God will thou find in that place, He will loan thee his elegance I cry thee kindness in thy nearness. Wash from me my bad habit unclean. That in me may no wrongdoing be perceived How all I adored best have neglected me, Have leniency on me, God generally forceful! Here I cry, God excuse me! Into thy hands, Lord, my spirit I compliment Into thy hands, Oh, most strong one I recognize my soul!

RACIAL PROFILING Example

RACIAL PROFILING Example RACIAL PROFILING â€" Assignment Example > What Is Racial Profiling? The term ‘racial profiling’ was not in use until the 1990’s. Before its emergence, the police and state troopers had a routine way of checking cars and this routine turned out to be more focused on the minority (especially the blacks and the Hispanics) than the whites (Kops, 2006). From this, the action of federal police was termed as racial profiling. From a lot of stories, the federal police’s actions can be termed racial profiling. Racial profiling is defined as “the practice of targeting individuals for police or security interdiction, detention or other desperate treatment based primarily on their race or ethnicity in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behavior” (Muffler, 2006, p. 2). Indeed there is racial profiling and some consider it as a necessary evil while others consider it an unnecessary evil. Those who consider it a necessary evil argue that some ethnic groups or races are associated wi th certain crimes for example, blacks and Hispanics are associated with drug dealing and drug transportation and so would often be stopped to be questioned about drugs and their cars inspected (Orr, 2009). Blacks are also associated with theft so that if one is spotted with an expensive car, chances are that the car is a stolen one and so would often be stopped (Callahan Anderson, 2001). Muslims or Asians from countries associated with terrorism are also associated with terrorism and would undergo ‘unnecessary’ searches in the name of fighting terrorism. Since these groups are associated with such illegal activities, their races are profiled for those crimes. Those who believe racial profiling is an unnecessary evil argue that it even creates more mistrust and so less information given to the authorities to help cub terrorism, drug trafficking of other crimes that those stereotyped based on ethnicity are purported to commit (Orr, 2009). Why Is Racial Profiling an Ethical Issu e? Ethics is a branch of philosophy with right or wrong as the basic concepts and deals with how man is supposed to live with the idea of good. In life when making decisions about situations, on what actions to take, the most important thing to determine is what is right (Pojman Fieser, 2011). Ethics deals with a proper course of action (Landauer Rowlands, 2001). So why is racial profiling an ethical issue? There is still no agreement on racial profiling as a right action or a wrong action. It is considered wrong by those who believe it violates the rights of the innocent, and considered right by those who believe it is just a way of effectively dealing with crime. Additionally, considering the definition of racial profiling without involving the police actions, racial profiling is just “categorizing individuals according to their characteristics” (EUAFR, 2010, p. 8. So just categorizing someone is not wrong, but thinking of one as a criminal because of the race is wrong. Is Racial Profiling Lawful or Unlawful? Racial profiling as described above, is just categorizing individuals based on their characteristics (which is the race). There are so many reasons why profiling is done especially in fighting crime. It is viewed as common sense in trying to find out offenders. With the right profile, that is, a list of characteristics specific to suspects of a crime, the offenders can be easily apprehended. EUAFR indicates that a more specific profile that does not rely on broad categorizations such as religion, race or ethnicity; has low probability of being discriminatory (2010).

The Ethical Dilemma Of The P2p Service - 1376 Words

The Ethical Dilemma The legality of the P2P service is not very obvious, apparently. But what about the ethics of the software providers? Is it morally right to enable the free exchange of music, without enforcing a proper compensation to the copyright owners? In order to address the ethical question above, let’s examine the situation from the viewpoint of the two main ethical theories: Contractianism and Consequentialism. The Contractianism viewpoint The contractianism theory focuses on â€Å"individual rights and respect for those rights†. A right can be most simply defined as an entitlement to something. Most rights are â€Å"legal rights† that derived from and guaranteed by the legal system. There are also moral or human rights, which all human beings should have â€Å"by the virtue of being human†. Basically, morality is grounded in a â€Å"social contract†. This contract is necessary in any civil society in order to avoid anarchy. The government’s part in that contract is to keep the individual’s rights of life, liberty, property and so forth. [11] In the light of the contractianism approach, the rights of the Copyright owner were definitely violated. Record companies, operating under the assumption that their property and right to financial benefits are protected, have found themselves in a very vulnerable position. Singers and musicians have seen their work being distributed and used without their permission. However, the question here is if the P2P companies are morallyShow MoreRelatedCis 324 Computer Ethics2250 Words   |  9 Pagesemail with three or four megabytes (mb) of information, one can enjoy a borrowed song but is assumed that it is piracy or stealing. Is this a fair assumption? This Author will not give his opinion but rather discuss both sides of the Peer to Peer (P2P) downloading and sharing issues and let the reader form their own opinions. Peer downloading and Sharing: Definition and History â€Å"Peer-to-Peer† technology, what is meant when this phrase is mentioned in the world of electronic entertainmentRead MoreInformation Technology Essay4236 Words   |  17 Pagesproduct or service follows from its originator to the consumer    3.  In contemporary business, success depends on minimizing the _____ in an attempt to reduce the costs of producing and selling products or services.   C.  Distribution chain    4.  Which of the following activities tracks inventory and information among business processes and across companies?   A.  Supply chain management (SCM)    5.  Which of the following is a method for producing or delivering a product or service just at theRead More The Ethics of File Sharing Software Essay3352 Words   |  14 PagesThe Ethics of File Sharing Software Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ethical problem that file sharing software creates when used to transfer copy written material. It is contested that the very existence of this software promotes piracy. The paper will focus on the creators of the file sharing software, knowing that the user employs their product illegally. The software creators (Kazaa, Grokster, Morpheus, etc) are claiming that they cannot control what theRead More Intellectual Property in an Interconnected Digital World Essay example2209 Words   |  9 PagesAfter it was banned, many other applications with similar features but using a slightly different technology came out. These new file sharing programs feature a Peer To Peer (P2P) technology that is a smart way for the programmers to avoid being sued for promoting copyright infringement. At the sacrifice of performance, these P2P applications do not use a centralized server to keep a database of the users list of songs. Instead, each individual ap plication installed in every users computer can talkRead MoreEthical and Social Issues in Information Systems20165 Words   |  81 PagesChapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Analyze the relationships among ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by information systems. 2. Identify the main moral dimensions of an information society and specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. 3. Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individualRead MoreEssay on The Efforts to Regulate the Internet5321 Words   |  22 Pagesin particular, Internet content censorship. Then, it shall review the regulatory efforts worldwide, with respect to the local cultures and governmental systems. Also, technological tools for regulating the Internet contents shall be presented. The ethical discussion shall focus on the right to regulate the Internet content, in light of the implications this restriction may have on the individual and common good of the cyber community. Introduction The popularity of cyberspace is growing. As moreRead More8 Key Element for a Business Model7314 Words   |  30 PagesCan  bring  product  to  market  at  lower  price   than  competitors th tit Important  concepts: p p Asymmetries First†mover  advantage Fi t d t Unfair  competitive  advantage Leverage Slide 2-9 6. Market Strategy How  do  you  plan  to  promote  your   products  or  services  to  attract  your   products or services to attract your target  audience? Details  how  a  company  intends  to  enter  market   and  attract  customers Best  business  concepts  will  fail  if  not  properly   marketed  to  potential  customers k d i l Slide 2-10 7. OrganizationalRead MoreeCommerce Developments and Themes10793 Words   |  44 Pagesbetween and among organizations and individuals → Digitally enabled transactions: all transactions mediated by digital technology → Commercial transactions: exchange of value across organizational or individual boundaries in return for products or service. We use the term e-business to refer primarily to the digital enablement of transactions and processes within a firm, involving information systems under the control of the firm. E-business does not include commercial transactions involving anRead MoreManagement Information Systems22991 Words   |  92 Pagestechnology for instantaneous communication. C) the reduction in travel times and the ubiquity of global exchange and travel. D) the growth of globalization. 3) The six important business objectives of information technology are: new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; improved decision-making; competitive advantage; operational excellence, and: A) flexibility. B) survival. C) improved business practices. D) improved efficiency. 4) The use of informationRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 PagesProject Manager: Karalyn Holland Operations Specialist: Michelle Klein Creative Director: Blair Brown Sr. Art Director: Janet Slowik Cover Designer: DePinho Design Cover Image: Shutterstock VLADGRIN Media Project Manager: Lisa Rinaldi Full Service Project Management: Azimuth Interactive, Inc. Composition: Azimuth Interactive, Inc. Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Malloy Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagarstown Text Font: ITC Veljovic Std. Book, 9.5pt Credits and acknowledgements

Summary Of The Clown Essay - 896 Words

Six year old George Denbrough paper boat was sailed into a storm drain. Pennywise, the dancing clown persuaded George to reach into the storm drain, in order to get his paper boat. While reaching into the drain and then rips his arm off, leaving George to bleed to death. The clown, Pennywise, disguised itself as a clown to attract the prey of young children. Twenty-Seven years later, a gay man was beaten to death in the same town of Derry, Maine. Two witness reported seeing a clown assault the man after they threw him off the bridge. Mike Hanlon, the head librarian, hears about them and knows what they were talking about. Mike called all his childhood friends, to bring them back to Derry, from a promise they made when they were kids. Stan Uris is an accountant, he was one of the children that were friends with Mike and was also terrorized by It. Stan goes to take bath, while he is in the bathroom tub, committed suicide. Richie Tozier is a DJ in Los Angeles. Richie received a call and remembered the promise he made that summer in 1958. Ben Hanscom walks into a bar in Nebraska and drinks a beer. Ben also received a call from Mike asking him back to Derry. Ben notices scars on his belly he had when he had a accident with It. Ben was afraid to go back Derry. Eddie Kaspbrak, a hypochondriac, is packing every drug in his medicine cabinet. When Mike called Eddie, is left scared and confused of what could happen if him and the others return back to Derry. Beverly Rogan was aShow MoreRelatedJohn Wayne Gacys Summary As A Killer Clown2064 Words   |  9 Pagesfor being the â€Å"Killer Clown†. Gacy raped and killed 33 young boys and men in Chicago. He would bury the victims’ in a crawl space he dug or throw them into the Des Plaines River when the crawl space ran out of the room. He pled not guilty by reason of insanity and claimed he lost count of how many victims he buried in the crawl space. Even though he was well known in the community for his active involvement in volunteer work and performing at events dressed up as â€Å"Pogo the Clown†, he was still foundRead MoreEliminating The Irs s Requisition For Summary Judgment921 Words   |  4 Pages In eliminating the IRS s requisition for summary judgment in the case, the Tax Reckoning stated that it would no longer follow its opinion in McCord, in which it had held that in advance of the death of a person, no recognized method exists for approximating the burden of the estate tax with a sufficient degree of certitude to be effective for Federal gift tax purposes (McCord, 120 T.C. at 402). Therefore, under McCord, no discount would be allowed on a gift tax return for a potential estateRead MoreMgmt 591999 Words   |  4 PagesPART I – Group Development First, here is a summary of the development stages of a team. In the forming stage, team members come togetherand form initial impressions. They socialize in order to get to know each other and bond with other team members. In the storming stage, team members experience hostility and infighting over tasks and how the team works. In the norming stage, team members start to come together and realize what needs to be accomplished. In the performing stage, team membersRead MoreFamily Dynamics : When A Man Loves A Woman Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthemes that are present in families that suffer from addiction. This paper will look at the family dynamics of the Green family from When a Man Loves a Woman and also discuss how the research results from the article also relates to the family. Movie Summary The movie When a Man Loves a Woman is about a couple Michael, a pilot, and Alice, a school teacher, Green and their love story when Alice Green is diagnosed an alcoholic and goes to in-patient treatment. The family is forced to adjust to their newRead MoreThe History Of Slapstick : Summary And Early History1287 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of slapstick Page 1, Summary and Early history. Slapstick- a broad comedy characterized by disorderly action, as the throwing of pies in actors faces, assault, and obvious ludicrous situations, as well as jokes. Slapstick, a type of physical comedy most often characterized by broad humour, absurd situations, and vigorous, usually violent action, was, and still is one of the most famous genres of all time. The slapstick comic, more than a mere funnyman or clown, must often be a gymnast,Read MoreHumor And Humour Of The Picture Of Dorian Gray1368 Words   |  6 Pagestheir limits of self-control to burst into laughter. Uncontrollable laughter as related to humour was against the strict moral laws of Plato. Even Aristotle seemed to believe in some restrictions on a humorous conversation. Humour was suited to a clown in restricted scenarios and serious self-respecting men and women did not engage in buffoonery. In a way, humour is like alcohol or an addictive substance. It makes you lose your self-control. Plato argued that humour can lead to violent reactionsRead MoreManaging Behaviours in the Learning Environment1570 Words   |  7 Pagesmilitary ethos is instilled, a number of different behaviours and emotions are evident, some of these are: having no interest in the subject, they don’t understand the content of the lesson, disrupting others by being argumentative or acting as the class clown, violent behaviour towards other Trainees, has learning difficulties or they could have personal problems within the barrack room or at home. Some of the issues listed are dealt with quickly and with no disruption, the problems arise when a situationRead MoreDont Just Stand There: Reactions to Prejudiced Comments and Jokes653 Words   |  3 Pagesimportant details that may have helped to support her argument. Cole’s argument s not credible becuse she fails to give any back round information on the guy who told the joke, For example, who is he? Is he a person of authority? Is he the workplace clown? Is he an associate or friend? Who knows, maybe this guy is Jewish also. It seems a bit odd that these two individuals were office neighbors for two years and she does not provide us with any information about this guy. Equally important, she failsRead MoreSerial Killers Speech1533 Words   |  7 Pagesanother famous serial killer is the most famous for what he did 1. John Wayne Gacy was convicted of the torture, rape and murder of 33 males between 1972 until his arrest in 1978. He was dubbed the Killer Clown because he entertained kids at parties as Pogo The Clown. 2. John had many issues with his father who was a alcoholic and did not give john the attention that he needed he was always wanting attention from his father. John also had health problems such as a non-specificRead MoreInformative Speech : Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech: Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention Getter: Some of us parents take it for granted when our kids talk so much, ask so many questions, or clown around all day long. We tend to forget how there are some parents that don’t get that right away. Topic Disclosure: Today I am going to talk to you about autism spectrum disorder. Preview: During my speech I will discuss: I. Causes of autism II. Symptoms III. Treatments Audience Link: Before doing the research on autism spectrum disorder

American Progress Free Essays

John Gast’s painting, â€Å"American Progress†, illustrates many depictions of the early movement and development of the United States. This particular painting defines uniqueness and character throughout. Looking at it geographically the angel portrayed in the middle is floating westward as though she is exemplifying the Westward Expansion. We will write a custom essay sample on American Progress or any similar topic only for you Order Now She has the â€Å"Star of Empire† imprinted on her forehead, which better portrays the idea of her trying to move westward. This painting is a great description of our country’s economical progress and expansion. Gast artistically explains the present day United States as nice cities along rivers with big buildings and churches along the right edge of this painting. This scene is also shown as being happy and awakening because of the bright sun rays being shown down upon it. The city is supposed to represent a growing city along the mighty Mississippi River. You are able to see the evolution of transportation through boats and railroads. The three main intercontinental railways are shown departing from this city, and the beautiful angel in the middle is carrying the telegraph cable which eventually linked the nation together. She is also carrying with her some type school book, which to me represents intellectual ideas being spread throughout the country. In the background behind her lies many rolling hills and plush green grass. There is not many trees in this portrait, but the snow capped mountains on the left and the great plains on the right depict a great deal of land diversity from coast to coast. There are also many cattle, Indians, wild horses, bears, and other wild game trying to flee her approach towards the west and eventually into the storms and waves of the Pacific coast. Although she seems very divine in appearance some may take her intentions as revolting. Her central idea seems as though she is trying to spread the economical progress throughout the entire United States. Emotionally this is a very strong painting because of its detail and significance. When I first looked at this painting it made me think of Manifest Destiny. The angel in the middle attempting to emigrate westward defines the meaning of manifest destiny. Many thought it was God’s belief that the United States would expand from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. I also felt another tie to my previous assumption when I noticed the star on her forehead. I felt it had great importance so I began to acknowledge her surroundings and I realized it was the â€Å"Star of Empire†, which signifies westward movement as well. The star is a bright golden color, almost identical to rays of light being exposed upon new land. She is wearing a long, swaying white robe which is also significant because the color white signifies freedom. Her bright golden, blonde hair also signifies the presence of God to me. Her presence in this painting is not just for beauty but for great importance. I have always felt strongly about the spread of equality throughout our nation, and to me it seems as though she is trying to spread the superior life-style across the United States. The book in her arm represents that she is trying to spread intelligence and the teaching of literacy. It was very rare in the past for many people to be able to both read and write, and with the spread of civilization trying to take place it is very important that she also spread the gift of teaching. I also believe that she is trying to spread the connection of communication throughout the country by carrying the telegraph cord in her other hand. This became a very important facet of our country, because many of the connections and deals made over time would not have been made possible without communication. When I looked more towards the left side of the painting I noticed it was very dark and gloomy. Coincidently that happened to be the way everyone was fleeing, which in my mind represents everyone trying to escape freedom and return to normalcy among themselves. These men, women, and animals look as though they are afraid of the angel hovering over them, but ideally they are trying to escape normal civilization. This painting portrays many different themes and central ideas depending on which way it is observed. I feel from my point of view that I was able to interpret that the theme is based on moving forward in society. As seen on the right side of this portrait, the eastern United States progressed sooner than the west, and many frontiersmen are afraid of this new lifestyle. It seems as though the angel is trying to help everyone move forward and develop a new way of living and become more acquainted with this innovative way of living. No one copes very well with change, and like-wise neither did the Indians, farmers, and all of the other wild animals. These individuals had to manage survival with whatever nature skills they had. The mountainous region on the left side of the painting is covered with dark, rainy clouds and white snow caps. This symbolizes harsh climates and bad conditions for any type of living. Some of the animals may not be used to the western climates and may not be able to adapt quickly enough before facing the edge of extinction. The angel present in the center of the painting is able to help spread this central idea of moving on by her presence and what she brings with her. The coloration of her long, curly hair exemplifies traits from Jesus Christ. Her intentions are as His would be, and that is to create happiness and equality throughout. The gleaming star on her forehead also ties into the main theme through the concept of Manifest Destiny. I believe the star has the most significance of any object in the painting when referring to the main theme. The principle of the star represents the same significance as the main theme; people are trying to move forward in society. This entire painting depicts the importance of this exploration to the western United States. Everything is explained in perfect artistic form from the bright, sunshiny city on the right to the dark, gloomy coast on the left. The depiction of the angel in the middle is obviously the most important characteristic of this painting, but she also brings a lot of debate for whether or not she is subsiding good or bad influence on our country. There are many details and translations that can be looked at from many different angles depending on the person’s train of thought. I have explained in every detail the way I feel about this painting and the way I sensed each direction of the artist’s feelings. John Gast has a great connotation of each perception in his painting, and uses many features to depict different portions of his famous artwork. Many great Americans can agree with the central concept of this painting and will be able to grasp the implications behind each item portrayed in the painting. I personally feel that this painting is well thought out and had great meaning behind each aspect. How to cite American Progress, Papers

Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper Essay Example

Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper Essay 1. Actinopterygii Bony fishes are the dominant fishes today; they consist of two classes, Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes). Ray-finned fishes include most modern bony fishes. Lobe-finned fishes contain few living species. They include tetrapods, lung fishes and coelacanths. Sarcopterygii are considered to as ancestors of amphibians and other terrestrial vertebrates. The Actinopterygii, the class of ray-finned fishes, also called spiny rayed fishes, are the dominant class of vertebrates including about 30,000 species. This group is among the largest and the most successful groups of fishes and constitutes nearly 50% of all living vertebrates. Unfortunately, some of the species are becoming extinct faster than they can be discovered in some parts of the world, for example in the Amazon basin. Actinopterygii are extremely diverse and live in various environments, including lakes, desert springs, subterranean caves, ephemeral pools, polar seas and the depths of the ocean. Two main groups of ray-finned fishes: We will write a custom essay sample on Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vertebrate Zoology Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Chondrosteans (e.g. sturgeons) have heterocercal tails and ganoid scales. Neopterygians – one lineage of early neopterygians led to the modern bony fishes (teleosts). Actinopterygians lost their heavy scales and instead developed spines, which are used as anti-predator devices when a fish cannot use speed to escape. The way the pelvic and pectoral fins are positioned also changed in the process of evolution. Instead of pelvic fins behind the pectoral fins, actinopterygians developed the pelvic fins positioned just below or even a little in front of the pectoral fins; in this position they help in increased maneuverability instead of being used simply as stabilizers, as in predecessors of modern actinopterygians. Symmetrical, homocercal, tail allows increased speed. Fins of Teleosts, for example, are diversified for a variety of functions: camouflage, communication, complex movements, streamlining, etc. Figure 1. Ray-finned fishes (Source: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology) Caudal propulsion, used in cruising and sprint swimming, acceleration, and fast turns, is very important in Actinopterygian swimming morphology, because it helps fishes to escape from enemies and catch food. The fins of Actinopterygians are very efficient: they allow for powerful swimming and give stability and maneuverability. Most probably, the evolutionary success of these species is mainly due to their morphological adaptation. a. Species that are pelagic (where fin is used for swimming only) Pelagic fishes are usually fast-swimming and often migrate over large distances in the sea. Some of the pelagic species include billfish, tunas, dorado and sharks. Actinopterygians’ adaptations for high speed include: Primarily axial locomotion: Anterior to posterior series of contractions of myomeres Muscles on one side contract while those on the other side relax. Minimizing drag / maximizing thrust: Viscous drag: due to friction with water. Favors thicker stouter body to minimize surface area. Small scales or no scales. Less flexible to reduce drag (not anguilliform). Inertial drag: turbulence created by displacement of water; increases with increasing speed. Favors streamlined (teardrop) shape. Force transferred from slender, muscular caudal peduncle. Fast swimmers have caudal fins with high aspect ratio (dorsal-ventral length/anterior-posterior width) to maximize thrust. Below some Actinopterygian pelagic species will be discussed. Albacore Tuna is a large oceanic fish, which can have very high speed. Its pectoral fins, located on each side of the body, are extremely long; deeply-forked tail fin helps create the power required to maintain the albacore tuna’s remarkable speeds. The pectoral fins of the albacore are very long, almost half of the fish’s length. The dorsal spines are 8 to 10 in number, and well forward of the rays of the dorsal fin. The anterior spines are much longer and provide a concave outline to the spiny part of the dorsal fin. Swimming of big-belly seahorse, also called Hippocampus abdominalis, is supported by the quickly oscillating dorsal fin; they steer using the fins on both sides of the body, the pectoral fins. b. Species that are bottom dwelling aquatic (fin/limb used for â€Å"walking† under water) Spotted Handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus) is bottom dwelling fish that can swim, but is usually moves across the bottom of the ocean crawling on a pair of modified pectoral fins. It has highly adapted pectoral fins, which look like hands and allow it to walk on the sea floor. Spotted Handfish uses both the pectoral and ventral fins to scrawl. For swimming through the water, it uses the unpaired or ‘median’ fins – the tail and anal fin. Red-lipped Batfish (Ogcocephalus darwini) does not swim well. This fish use their pectoral fins to â€Å"walk† on the ocean floor. It has a shorter disk margin compared to porrectus but higher modal pectoral fin ray count. Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) is the largest flatfish in the world. Flatfish show exceptional and characteristic anatomy that is adapted to their life on the sea floor – they are flattened sideways and usually lie on one side of their body, instead of being flattened from top to bottom like many others of the sea bed. 2. Sarcopterygii Sarcopterygians, the class of lobe-finned fishes, have lobed-paired fins and these fins are connected to the body by one bone. The fins evolved into legs of the amphibians. They also had two dorsal fins with separate bases, unlike the single dorsal fin of actinopterygians. Sarcopterygians have lobe in their fins. Unlike other fish, sarcopterygian fish has a central appendage in their fins with many bones and muscles. Their fins are very flexible and can support their body on land, as in lungfish and tetrapods. The lobe fins of sarcopterygii are fleshy and similar to the limbs of land animals, unlike the fins of Actinopterygii. Sarcopterygii are not represented only by the coelacanth, six species of lungfishes and four species of Protopterus. Lobed-finned fishes include 2 species of coelacanths and 6 species of lungfishes. This group was much more plentiful during the Devonian period. All early sarcopterygians had lungs as well as gills and a heterocercal tail.Later sarcopterygians have a continuous flexible fin around the tail. They have fleshy, paired lobed fins, which allowed to scuttle along the bottom. a. Species that are pelagic (where fin is used for swimming only) Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) have limb-like, lobed pectoral and pelvic fins and a distinctive tail consisting of three separate lobes. They are closest link between fish and the first amphibians. Coelacanths are not like many other existing fishes. They have an extra lobe on the tail, paired lobed fins, and a vertebral column that is not fully developed. Coelacanths have paired fins, which move in a similarly to human arms and legs. b. Species that are bottom dwelling aquatic (fin/limb used for â€Å"walking† under water) Lungfish that exist nowadays have an extended body with fleshy paired pectoral and pelvic fins and a single unpaired caudal fin replacing the dorsal, caudal, and anal fin of most fishes. Lungfishes are the closest living relative of tetrapods. Lungfishes are bottom dwelling predators. The lungfishes developed the first proto-lungs and proto-limbs. The lungfishes adapted to use their stubby fins (proto-limbs) to walk on land and find new water if it is necessary, and use their lungs to breathe air. Lungfish attacks almost everything that moves. c. Terrestrial (fin/limb used for walking on land) Some lobe-finned fish have developed several characteristics, which indicate that they were ancestors of the amphibians. One of these characteristics was presence of skeletal components in the dorsal fins that probably evolved into tetrapod limbs. The early amphibians already possessed feet and limbs for walking. Primitive tetrapods developed from Sarcopterygii. Most probably the earliest tetrapods, for example Acanthostega, lived only in water and were not adjusted to the life on land at all. As some scientists suggest, after a pond or lake where tetrapods lived in dried out, they had to adjust to the new environment and evolved legs and lungs in order to adapt to the terrestrial locomotion. The ray-finned fish have fins supported by slim rays and do not contain muscles. The advanced characteristics that make ray-finned fish very successful evolved during the Triassic. These advanced traits include hydrostatic air bladders, streamlining of body and fins and reduction of scales. Actinopterygii, compared to Sarcopterygii, possess increasing mobility of fins. Overall, all the fish species had to solve the locomotion problem and did it in different ways adjusting to the environment. Bibliography: